formerly Concerned Citizens for the National Museum is a non-stock, non-profit, membership, and volunteer organization dedicated to developing greater awareness and appreciation in the Filipino of our country’s rich artistic and cultural heritage in partnership with the National Museum and its network of divisions and branches.

This is the Philippines shows Catriona taking a tour of Luzon. She traveled to Manila, Pampanga, and Rizal, where she showed off Intramuros, Luneta Park, the art of the Higantes, parol (lantern) making, and paintings by the country's national artists.

Once he dodged Trillanes' challenge, Paolo Duterte, academic specialization notwithstanding, could not stop his secret tattoo going into the ledgers under the same column as Ferdinand Marcos' transplanted kidneys, and Joseph Estrada's unopened envelope.
A tattoo on the back of the President's son Paolo Duterte is the latest to go into the box of telltale secrets of recent history. Its very concealment inspires suspicions attaching a smoking-gun quality to it.
In fact, similar secrets have attracted enough credibility unseen to contribute to the ouster of two presidents – Ferdinand Marcos and Joseph Estrada.

The Philippines' withdrawal from the International Criminal Court takes effect Sunday, March 17.

Duterte throws out decade-long fight for the International Criminal Court

It took 11 years under 3 presidents for the Philippines to finally become a member of the International Criminal Court. That ends under President Rodrigo Duterte on Sunday, March 17, 2019.

What I have learned from history is that often, Filipinos have been asked to accept the very tragedies which have defined us.

Look also HERE

OPHIR, ITS LOCATION UNVEILED

"Where is Tarshish and Ophir"
By: IKE T. ARTIGO
During the early period of European colonization, the Biblical lands of Tarshish and Ophir, or Tarsis and Ofir, as they were called, held the imagination of European explorers. Not only was it believed that the "lost tribes" of Israel were to be found in these lands, but also untold wealth.

"WHAT IS THE ANCIENT NAME OF THE PHILIPPINES?"

the Video The Philippines: The Biblical land of Ophir?

Remark this is an album in the album "Filipinos & the Philippines, Provinces, Cities, Etc. during old times and then"

ICOMOS is the official international organization of heritage conservation

The Video:

NLP Building, T. M. Kalaw Street, Ermita, 1000 Manila

13 million Spanish documents

60 million cataloged public documents

Look RA 9470 - National Archives of the Philippines Act of 2007

Heritage

Religious and Beliefs

Programs, Projects and Activities

Historical and Cultural Society

Dubbed Homo luzonensis, the species is one of the most important finds that will be out in the coming years, one scientist predicts.
A previously unknown human species has been discovered after 13 fossil bones and teeth were excavated in a cave in the Philippines. The remains belong to at least 3 individuals from the species "Homo luzonensis," according to scientists.
These were found in Callao Cave on the northern part of the island of Luzon. Scientists said these individuals were probably small in stature and possessed an unexpected mix of archaic and modern traits

Diggings in Philippine cave find new early human species
Agence France-Presse April 11, 2019
The new species is dubbed Homo luzonensis after the island of Luzon where its remains were found

A new species of Homo from the Late Pleistocene of the Philippines
10 April 2019
A hominin third metatarsal discovered in 2007 in Callao Cave (Northern Luzon, the Philippines) and dated to 67 thousand years ago provided the earliest direct evidence of a human presence in the Philippines.

by/ CARIDAD B. FIAR-OD, PhD
College Vice President, MPSPC
Council of Elders, Igorot Global Organization
Look it as pdf HERE or as Video

The Videos:
Baguio City - Portrait Of A Hill Station

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The Attul of Banghallan - Lagawe, Ifugao

The Home of the Early Terrace Builders in Ifugao
"The Early Terrace Builders became resilient with the demands of time... They have learned from the remnants of landslides and from every drop of soil that falls along the paddies of the fields"

1,000-year-old village found in Philippines
The remains of a 1,000-year-old village have been discovered in the Philippines

The Philippines Before Spain

Spanish Heritage in The Philippines

Many good informations and photos

Iloilo: Promoting heritage through cultural identity

Iloilo is home to decades-old churches and Spanish-era houses, but a group of citizens passionate about heritage want to do more to promote the province’s cultural treasures.
To do that, heritage advocate Eugene Jamerlan says the campaign for cultural appreciation begins with instilling a sense of pride among locals. Uploaded on Nov 13, 2014
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'Visi-Tour' along Iloilo City's historic sights
Jul 24, 2017

A local biking community hopes to promote cycling by holding 'Visi-Tours' - a tour-by-bike to the famed tourist spots of the city.

Tour on two wheels: Seeing Iloilo City's historic sights by bike
by Katerina Francisco July 25, 2017
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Why is Iloilo important in PH history?
For the second straight year, President Aquino chose to celebrate Independence day outside Metro Manila. Jun 11, 2015

Mga Yaman ng Guyangan Mar 18, 2014

Experts at the National Museum in the capital Manila are studying the burial urns from a tribe that lived in the Philippines over 2,000 years ago, in what could be a major archaeological discovery.

A Sojourn in Culture, History, Heritage etc. - Apr 15, 2015

1,000-year-old village found on a jungle-covered mountaintop near Mulanay town in Quezon province

Limestone tombs of Kamhantik

A team of scientists have discovered the 9,000-year-old remains of a woman buried in a cave in El Nido, Palawan in the Philippines, which reveal evidence of an elaborate and bizarre ritual burial. About 9000 years ago, she was buried in an elaborate ritual that involves defleshing and separation of bones, crushing of the big bones and finally, cremation and burial. Published: 3 October, 2013

located at the Municipality of Kabayan in Benguet, Mountain Province, is one of the recognized UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Philippines.

The Kabayan Mummies are also known as Fire Mummies, Benguet Mummies and Ibaloi Mummies

Ancient Mummies Discovered In A Cave In The Philippines After 300 Years
By Clayton Aldrich

In the eastern part of Bohol, Philippines, ancient graveyards can be found in barangay Basdio in the town of Guindulman.

The burial caves or graveyards have boat-shaped coffins.

By: WAKIT, JORELYN October 27, 2012

By/LINDA BURTON

The mystery of the empty honeycomb tombs of Bohol
4 November, 2013 - aprilholloway
In the municipality of Dimiao in the province of Bohol, Philippines, lies an eerie and perplexing image – rows and rows of honeycomb-like tombs. The site would not be so strange if it were not for one unusual fact – they are all empty.

The catacombs of Dimiao
April 20, 2013

Look both articles in 1 pdf file HERE
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Videos:

An Almanac of Philippine Commemorations
ENLIVENED WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND INFORMATION

Fort Santiago has a savage history.

Look also HERE and a lot of photo of Fort Santiago HERE and the Video

The walls of Manila were built in the early 16th century and rebuilt over three centuries. It delimited the shape of the city, wider on the South and shortened on the North, where the fort of Santiago and the Pasig River were. It remained intact during several assaults from the English and Chinese pirates, but it was parcially destroyed during the shellings of World War II, leaving an empty shell until the mid sixties. Nowadays there're still remains left from which was the magnificent wall from the Pearl of the Orient.

Santo Tomas de Villanueva Church

Look the article HERE - The Video

The Fortress and Church of Miagao

Miagao Church by Ed Antonio

One of the four barouque churches in the Philippines is the Miagao Church or the Church of Santo Tomas de Villanueva declared as one of UNESCOs World Heritage Sites. It has an amazing structure that stood the test of time. Built in 1787 and later damaged by fire and earthquake and restored in the 1960s

Real Fuerza de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de Zaragosa

a 17th century military defence fortress built by the Spanish colonial government in Zamboanga City

1635 - 2006

371 years of history and transformation.

Remark 3 pages with photos

Look also HERE

The Videos

Remark this is an album in the album "Zamboanga City & Peninsula - A Living Heritage" in the album "Tourism - Great Places to Visit"

by/ICELLE BORJA

Let us trace our history through the fortresses and watch towers that were built throughout the whole province of Cebu in defense against the pirates who tried to kidnap Cebuanos during the Spanish regime. This episode traces where these fortresses and watch towers are and see their current situation. Host: Archaeologist and Professor Jojo Bersales.

Constructed in 1788, by Father Bermejo served as a lookout stations in detecting the coming of Moro pirate ships which helped Father Bermejo fought and won many wars.

Look also HERE

Dipnaysupuan Japanese Tunnel mostly known as Batanes Tunnel

Little is known about the Batanes tunnels dug by Ivatan children during World War II. Jay Taruc meets Lolo Daniel and Lolo Luis, two surviving tunnel diggers who recounted their experiences during the Japanese occupation in Batan Island. It’s a 5-door World War II tunnel which was built by the Japanese to provide shelter for their soldiers. It is located in the mountain of Tukon. Apr 22, 2014

Remark this is an album in the album "Batanes" in the album "Tourism - Great Places to Visit"

The 1910 Fort Bonifacio War Memorial Tunnel is a tunnel in Bonifacio Global City, a district of Metro Manila. It is considered to be a historical site by the Bases Conversion Development Authority. It is situated at the property of former military base Fort Bonifacio and now called Bonifacio Global City. It has since become hidden underneath the streets that traverse C-5 and Kalayaan Avenue.

Ilagan City has opened its latest tourist destination to the public which lets visitors travel back to the Japanese period. Feb 17, 2016

Noong panahon ng digmaan, pag-ibig ang itinuturong dahilan ng pagkakaligtas ng Vigan mula sa matinding pagkawasak."

Bisayans who could afford would cover their deads eyes, nose and mouth with gold so that they would be welcomed well in the next world.

SURIGAO TREASURE

In 1981, Berto Morales, a farmer employed as a bulldozer operator in an irrigation project in Surigao struck gold. He discovered a treasure trove of gold ornaments while bringing down a hill to collect filling materials. The discovery, hitherto unknown to the public, is among the largest collection of Philippine archaeological gold in the country as well as in the rest of the world.

Look the full description of the videos HERE

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Ancient Visayan Goldworking

The many different kinds of large and small beads, all of what they call filigree work here.. is clear evidence that they did careful, delicate and beautiful work even better in their antiquity than now since all the ancient gold work is of higher gold content and craftsmanship than what is being made now... [like the kamagi], a piece of jewelry of greater value and curiosity than could be expected of a people apparently so crude and uncivilized (Alcina 1668a, 3:121). As Alcina said century later, "One who knows how to make them today is hard to find." Source: Barangay: Sixteenth-Century Philippine Culture and Society by William Henry Scott

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PHILIPPINE TREASURES (GMA7 Special)

Philippine Treasures, a special documentary about some of the country's historical artifacts, most important relics from the Philippines' literally rich pre-colonial past and many others. The documentary is hosted by Ms. Mel Tiangco with reporting by Mariz Umali, Cesar Apolinario, Tina Panganiban-Perez, and John Consulta.

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Forgotten Philippines: Gold of Ancestors part 1, 2 & 3 Gold found in the Sitio Magruyong site sheds a light on the important relationship between Southeast Asian Srivijayan empire and the Philippines

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Philippines Most Stunning Archaeological Discoveries
Nov 30, 2016

7. Bolinao Skull
6. Callao Man
5. Manungul Jar
4. Oton Mask
3. Golden Tera
2. Laguna Copper Plate Inscription
1. San Diego Astrolabe

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Ang lihim ng Tara sa Agusan del Sur
Apr 2, 2018

Taong 1917 nang natagpuan sa Agusan del Sur ang Golden Tara na tinatayang milyon ang halaga. Pero kamakailan lang, isang mas malaking tara ang natagpuan naman sa isang kuweba sa Mindanao pa rin. Saan nagmula ang mga rebultong ito?

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Treasures of Forgotten Kingdoms Exhibit
Nov 15, 2015

During opening weekend I visited the Asia Society Museum in NYC to see for myself the wonderful gold artifacts from the Philippines that depict our rich heritage and precolonial history prior to the arrival of the Spaniards.

is a 21-carat golden figurine of the Hindu-Buddhist goddess named "Tara" of the Mahayana branch of Buddhism. Sitting cross-legged, it measures over 5 inches tall, and weighs nearly 4 pounds. It has a richly-adorned headdress and many ornaments on its arms and other parts of its body. The religious statuette was stumbled on by a woman of the Manobo tribe, jutting out from the muddy banks of the Wawa River in Esperanza, Agusan del Sur, after a storm and flood during 1917.

The image corroborates a single cultural sphere that developed in the archipelagic regions of Southeast Asia during the height of trade between Butuan and the rest of the Sri Vijaya Empire.

Look more about the Golden Tara in the above videoalbum

The Laguna Copperplate Inscription, short LCI, was discovered in 1989 by Alfredo E. Evangelista a sand laborer working on Lumbang River near the outlet to Laguna de Bay found a plate in Barangay Wawa, Lumban, in the Laguna province. The Laguna Copperplate Inscription (also shortened to LCI) is the earliest known written document found in the Philippines.

The Video and about Tondo

The museum will open just in time for International Museum Day

History of the Philippines (Before 1521)

Filipino beliefs and practices before the arrival of the Spaniards.

Or look as pdf HERE or as Video

Society
Politics
Religion
Economic Life
Culture

Diego Silang y Andaya (December 16, 1730 – May 28, 1763) was a Filipino revolutionary leader who conspired with British forces to overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish an independent Ilocano state. Look also HERE

María Josefa Gabriela Cariño de Silang (19 March 1731 – 20 September 1763)

was a Filipina revolutionary leader best known as the first female leader of a Filipino movement for independence from Spain. She took over the reins of her husband Diego Silang's revolutionary movement after his assassination in 1763. Look also HERE

Finding Gabriela Silang in Abra
Aika Rey June 22, 2019
I was drawn to Abra's rolling hills and majestic waterfalls. But with the weather not cooperating, I found myself in a historical place instead

has a varied history and was suspended on June 24, 2006 - the second time since 1987.
Filipinos have mixed opinions about the death penalty, with many opposing it on religious and humanitarian grounds, while advocates see it as a way of deterring crimes.

Emilio Jacinto: The hero of the Battle of Pasong Tamo
Severino Samonte April 17, 2019

Look as pdf HERE

DR. JOSE PROTACIO MERCADO RIZAL ALONZO Y REALONDA

Jose Rizal Shrine and Museum

Jose Rizal and His Lovers

Reading, understanding, and appreciating Rizal
by Jorge Mojarro June 24, 2018
Admiring Rizal without understanding him is a kind of empty nationalism and blind devotion

The Videos

Jose Rizal´s life, work, writing

Jose Rizal (full name: José Protacio Mercado Rizal Alonso y Realonda) (June 19, 1861 - December 30, 1896) He is considered a national hero and the anniversary of Rizal's death is commemorated as a Philippine holiday called Rizal Day.
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Historical reactions to the publication of Rizal's two novels - Philippine - Spain 100 Years Ago
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Love Story of Jose P Rizal - Girlfriends - Women in Rizal's Life
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Rizal, The Mason
Oct 10, 2012 by/Honeylane Lim for education - Look also HERE and below HERE

Where and when did Josephine Bracken arrive from Ireland to the Philippines? How did fate bring them together?

Rizal's execution: Little known facts
By Raymund Catindig Updated December 29, 2010

The Video:

Look descriptions with English subtitles on the videos. All Jul 8 - Jul 28, 2016 by Malu Maniquis

The Revolution was actually planned months earlier. However, Aguinaldo, et al were against it and wanted to consult first Dr. Rizal in Dapitan. The 2 months delay led to the uncovering of the secret society. 500 members of KKK, La Solidaridad and La Liga Filipina were arrested, includng brothers Antonio and Juan Luna. Before further arrests, Bonifacio and the Supreme Council decided to launch the revolution. Aug 24, 2015 by/Malu Maniquis

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HENERAL LUNA, The Movie (Edited for Educational Viewing)
by FROIDELYN DOCALLAS Mar 15, 2018
For additional and amazing information about Antonio Luna and about the movie itself, follow the link: HERE

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was a Filipino revolutionary, politician, and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines (1899–1901) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia.

Aguinaldo, 94, Dies; Led Filipino RevoIts
FEB. 6, 1964

Emilio Aguinaldo - Contributions, Achievements & Death - Biography

16 Interesting Facts About Emilio Aguinaldo
Last Updated 10/07/2018

The Video:
Emilio Aguinaldo in the Filipino-American War

A short documentary, a HIGH SCHOOL VIDEO PROJECT, not a nationally-shown documentary on Emilio Aguinaldo, a leader in the Philippines during the Filipino-American War, also known as the Filipino Insurrection.

The larger-than-life size statue of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo and the museum beside it is an interesting Baguio landmark which could be found at the upper end of Gen. Luna Road in a vicinity referred to by local residents as Jungletown.

The Videos

President Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine , Kawit, Cavite, Philippines
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Secret doors, passageways, hiding places at the Aguinaldo Shrine
Jun 12 - 13, 2013
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Tourdroid: An Augmented Interactive Tour Guide for the Emilio Aguinaldo Museum Using Android Devices

The Iconization from Portrait to Peso

On May 10, 1897, our revolutionary hero, Andres Bonifacio and his brother, Procopio, were unjustly and brutally killed by the Magdalo faction. May 10, 2013

How Andres and Procopio Bonifacio were executed

May 10 is a significant date in Philippine History. This was the day our greatest hero Andres Bonifacio was executed by traitors to the revolutionary movement. May 10, 2015

was a Filipino general who took part in the 1896 Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire and in the Philippine-American War. After the war was declared over by the United States in 1902, Sakay continued resistance and the following year became President of the Republic of Katagalugan

Look the Biography and also HERE and the Video:

Rizal, The Mason and HERE

The Video:

It's only happened twice in the country's history

You know labor unions, but do you know Isabelo de los Reyes?
by Frank Cimatu May 01, 2017
The writer, labor activist, Aglipayan church founder, and politician from Vigan, Ilocos Sur, started the tradition of honoring the workers every May 1.
He might as well be the Father of Anthropology and Indigenous Studies in the country. He introduced Marxism to the Philippines. He was jailed among the anarchists in Europe. He fought the Catholic church by helping establish another.

Photos of the American conquest of the Philippines, an episode also referred to as the Filipino Genocide. Soundtrack: Campanades a morts, by Lluís Llach.

Look the full description of the video HERE
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The rape of the Philippines
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Kampana ng Balangiga
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Bells of Balangiga
by The Committee to return the Bells Apr 4, 2015
A short documentary about the epic quest of Balangiga.
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History of US in the PHIL
Excerpts from Part 5 of Buhay at Pakikibaka ni Andres Bonifacio docufilm of Komiteng Bonifacio. This is the reason why Bonifacio's dream of a truly free an sovereign nation must be fulfilled by the present generation. It is our task. Narrated by Carol Araullo and Vencer Crisostomo. Chris Pforr as Pres. McKinley and John Gianvito as Sen. George Hoar. Jun 2, 2015 by/Malu Maniquis

U.S. GENOCIDE IN THE PHILIPPINES AND THE CONTINUING STRUGGLE FOR NATIONAL-DEMOCRATIC LIBERATION
by E. San Juan, Jr.
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Except during the sixties when the Filipino-American War of 1899-1902 was referred to as " the first Vietnam, " the death of 1.4 million Filipinos has been usually accounted for as either collateral damage or victims of insurrection against the imperial authority of the United States. The first Filipino scholar to make a thorough documentation of the carnage is the late Luzviminda Francisco in her contribution to The Philippines: The End of An Illusion (London, 1973).

The Balangiga massacre

as it is known in the Philippines, or the Balangiga affair, as it is known in the United States, was an incident in 1901 during the Philippine-American War where more than forty American soldiers were killed in a surprise guerrilla attack in the town of Balangiga on Samar island.

FAST FACTS: Balangiga Massacre
by Alex Evangelista September 28, 2018
The Balangiga Massacre of September 28, 1901, is considered as one of the bloodiest events during the Philippine-American war

Philippine-American War, 1899-1902
by Arnaldo Dumindin
CASUALTIES, February 4, 1899 - July 4, 1902:
Filipinos : 20,000 soldiers killed in action; 200,000 civilians died
Americans : 4,390 dead (1,053 killed in action; 3,337 other deaths)

The War Rages: Creation of Macabebe Scouts, September - October 1899
by Arnaldo Dumindin - Look also HERE

Balangiga bells UPDATED Dec 31, 2018 e.g. Balangiga bells brought to original church in Eastern Samar town after 117 years - Balangiga: A Tale of Two Nations

The Video

Japan should just allow the Filipinos the liberty to commemorate their history the way they want to, while it continues to do some soul-searching on how to come to terms with its own past

Look - read all the links in the article!

and also

Palace says woman's statue in Laguna part of freedom of expression
by Sofia Tomacruz January 01, 2019
Presidential Spokesperson Salvador Panelo adds although the public should commemorate sacrifices and lessons learned World War II, it would be 'counter productive' to antagonize Japan – a strategic ally of the Philippines

‘Comfort women’ and history
By DAN STEINBOCK, January 15, 2018

the Videos in the album 'Comfort Women':

Justice remains elusive for comfort women during World War II
Feb 4, 2019
In the Philippines, only 36 "comfort women" survivors remain alive today. However, justice remains elusive for them.

On Independence Day, various groups honor Filipino comfort women
Jun 12, 2018
To honor and remember the Filipino women abused by Japanese soldiers during the Second World War, various groups who campaigned for the reinstallation of the ‘Comfort Woman’ statue along Roxas Boulevard held a ceremony for the victims on Tuesday, Independence Day.

'Ang Lihim ni Lola,' a documentary by Howie Severino
Aug 11, 2015
Iloilo's last surviving comfort woman is 94-year-old Lourdes Divinagracia. For more than 70 years, she kept one little secret that she's now finally ready to reveal.

"Comfort Women" One Last Cry - Philippino Comfort Women Story
Apr 17, 2013

"Comfort women" refer to those turned by the Japanese military into sex slaves during World War II.

Look - read all the links in the article! and also

IN PHOTOS: Groups seek return of comfort woman statue
June 12, 2018
On Independence Day, #Flowers4Lolas reiterate demands for the reinstallation of the statue that 'gives a face to victims of war and militarization' and for the Philippine government 'to uphold the truth in our history'

Duterte on comfort woman statue: 'You can place it somewhere else'
April 29, 2018
'It is not the policy of government to antagonize other nations,' says the President who repeatedly slams the US and the EU over a host of issues

the Videos in the album 'Comfort Women':

Gabriela to file House resolution to investigate removal of comfort woman statue
Published on May 9, 2018
According to Lila Filipina's incoming Executive Director Sharon Silva, the Gabriela Women’s party list will file a House resolution to investigate the removal of the comfort woman statue in Roxas, Boulevard. However, the Manila City Administrator Jojo Alcovendaz explained that the removal was done to give way to a flood control project of the DPWH.
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Removal of statue an 'insult' to Filipino 'comfort women'
Apr 29, 2018
Taking down a statue depicting a 'comfort woman' along Roxas Boulevard is an insult to the Filipina sex slaves victimized under the Japanese occupation, a lawyer said Sunday.
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Duterte on comfort woman statue: Not policy to antagonize other nations
Apr 29, 2018
President Rodrigo Duterte on Sunday said he did not have any hand in the removal of the statue of a comfort woman on Roxas Boulevard in Manila on Saturday but hinted that he favored it.
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'Comfort woman' statue, dadaan sa design revision
30 April, 2018
Dinepensahan ni Pangulong Rodrigo Duterte ang pagtanggal ng 'comfort woman' statue sa Roxas Boulevard. Ayon naman sa lumikha nito, dadaan sa design revision ang istatwa pero hindi pa tiyak kung saan ililipat ito. I-Bandila mo, April Rafales.

and the articles:

Japan ties at stake over comfort woman statue
by Paterno Esmaquel II January 13, 2018 - with Video
'You can't strengthen your relationship long term if you keep bringing up things that you think are settled,' Foreign Secretary Alan Peter Cayetano says.

(August 19, 1878 – August 1, 1944) served as president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 to 1944. He was the first Filipino to head a government of the Philippines (as opposed to other historical states). Quezón is considered by most Filipinos to have been the second president of the Philippines, after Emilio Aguinaldo (1897–1901).
Quezón was the first Senate president elected to the presidency, the first president elected through a national election, and the first incumbent to secure re-election (for a partial second term, later extended, due to amendments to the 1935 Constitution). He is known as the "Father of the National Language".

IMPORTANT look:

Museo ni Manuel Quezon (Quezon Memorial Shrine), Part I

Museo ni Manuel Quezon (Quezon Memorial Shrine), Part II

Quezon Memorial Shrine

The Video

(September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989)

was a Filipino politician and kleptocrat, who was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled as dictator under martial law from 1972 until 1981. While his regime started an unprecedented number of infrastructure projects and monuments (known colloquially as an "edifice complex" and at great taxpayer cost), it also became infamous for its corruption, extravagance and brutality.

U.P. history department slams president's attendance at Marcos event
August 31, 2018
The Department of History says the UP President's appearance at the event is an insult to the memory of those who risked their lives to fight martial law.

AGAIN "AboutPhilippines" may ask:
Is Duterte "a Marcos lapdog"

and MUCH more and many videos  here:

Look also HERE, HERE

The Videos

54 Oakwood mutineers to be freed in January next year
April 11, 2007

Oakwood Mutiny backgrounder
April 8, 2008
More than 300 junior officers and enlisted men took over the Oakwood Premier in the Ayala Center, Makati City on July 27, 2003.

LIST: Who's been granted amnesty?
by Alex Evangelista September 04, 2018
Administration allies Senator Gringo Honasan, MMDA boss Danilo Lim, and former customs chief Nicanor Faeldon were among those granted amnesty by previous presidents

SPECIAL REPORT
Almost 300, including Duterte execs, freed due to Aquino amnesty
October 2, 2018
By AGATHA GUIDABEN, JAMAICA JANE PASCUAL, GMA News Research

The daughter of the late statesman Jose Diokno says her father would urge Filipinos to 'stand firm, find our voice, and not seal our eyes' against injustices in the country if he were still alive.

'Distortion of truth': Diokno family slams Bongbong Marcos, Enrile
by Jodesz Gavilan September 21, 2018
The family of the late statesmen Jose Diokno slams former senator Juan Ponce Enrile for peddling lies about Marcos' Martial Law, calling his actions a 'pathetic attempt at rewriting our history'

Through 'Ka Pepe,' Sereno reflects on human rights in PH
by Bea Cupin September 21, 2017
Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno raises the challenges confronting human rights today, as a monument of the late Jose 'Ka Pepe' Diokno is unveiled on the 45th anniversary of Martial Law

No cause more worthy: Ka Pepe Diokno's fight for human rights
by Jodesz Gavilan September 21, 2017
Statesman Jose 'Ka Pepe' Diokno is regarded as the father of human rights advocacy in the Philippines

Diokno defined courage for the Martial Law generation
by Ed Garcia September 19, 2017
On the 45th anniversary of martial law and some 30 years after his death, Jose Diokno lives on, his ideals and his dreams, and his deeply held belief that it is worth building 'a nation for our children'.

Jesse Robredo's ‘tsinelas leadership' lives on, 6 years after his death

By Michael Bueza March 20, 2017 - with Video, the video can be look in HD HERE

Get to know more about the former Senate president and one of the country's greatest statesmen

Look more and full description of and about the video HERE

Mira Nila House, Lichauco Heritage House, Quezon House

In what is a never-ending debate between moving forward and preserving things of the past, the fate of heritage houses hangs in the balance.
Instead of spending on maintaining centuries-old structures, some owners prefer to sell them to developers.

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The Video tackles the key moments in the nation’s history that it witnessed and presents various artworks, books, photos, and mementos of Philippine history.
Finally introduces the Escuela Taller de Filipinas Foundation, which promotes the conservation of the country’s tangible heritage.

Look more about:

Mira-Nila Heritage House

Facebook - Facebook Official

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Don Jose Bautista Mansion

The 1877 Bautista House in Malolos, Bulacan

The Video
Philippines Campaign, Battle for Luzon

Remark this is an album in the album "Bataan Death March & The battle of Luzon"

Many historical sequences in the video from his time (May 5, 1869 - December 14, 1937)

14-minute video, produced by Filipiniana.net, in cooperation with the UP Vargas Museum

Remark this is an album in the album "Painters, Muralists, BodyPainters, Graffiti Artist and their works"

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Videos

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Memories of Olongapo City

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Clark Air Base - Past and PRESENT

Look the full descriptions of the videos: Past and PRESENT & Before Mt. Pinatubo Evacuation HERE

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Far East Network served Clark Air Base, Subic Bay Naval Station and other U.S. military outposts.

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Amerasians - Forgotten Filipino-American Children

August 21, 2017 marks 34 years since Benigno 'Ninoy' Aquino Jr was killed at the Manila International Airport.
Considered one of the staunchest opponents of then president Ferdinand Marcos, Aquino was regarded as a contributing factor in the transformation of the small opposition during Martial Law. His assassination galvanized the opposition even more and drew widespread support for their cause, culminating in a People Power revolt in 1986.

LOOK this Video in HD AND also ALL the other

Videos

in the album "Benigno 'Ninoy' Aquino Jr." e.g.:

#Ninoy: Remembering a Hero - Full Airplane interview from August 21 1983

Tributes to Ninoy - Feb 25, 2017:

Ninoy’s letter to Antonio Cuenco on June 27, 1983

Ninoy Aquino's Arrival Statement

Cory Aquino and the fall of Martial Law

The History Remains at Aquino Center and Museum

and the articles:

Filipinos are worth dying for by Ninoy Aquino

Ninoy’s letter to Antonio Cuenco on June 27, 1983

FULL TEXT: Noynoy Aquino's message on Ninoy's 35th death anniversary
August 22, 2018 - with Video
Read former president Benigno Aquino III's speech during the 35th death anniversary of his father, the late senator Ninoy Aquino, who was assassinated in 1983

CORY AQUINO: LAST LETTER FROM NINOY AND A PRICELESS LEGACY
August 21, 2003 By Corazon C. Aquino

Signs of a divided, forgetful country come on full display as the Philippines marks the 33rd anniversary of the peaceful EDSA People Power Revolution of 1986

The Video: EDSA People Power Anniversary
GMA News Streamed live Feb 25, 2019

President Rodrigo Duterte skipped it again, Vice President Leni Robredo was not invited, and in a twist most unimaginable in 1986, a Marcos comeback in key positions of leadership could be looming in the Philippines.

'The susceptibility of the youth to seek 'alternative facts' and feign a sense of nostalgia for the golden days of Martial Law is a collective failure of our political, social, and pedagogical institutions'

Did EDSA fail us?
by Sylvia Estrada Claudio February 26, 2018
When this regime threatens press freedom, imprisons its critics, and arbitrarily kills its citizens, then it fails us and EDSA. It reverses all the steps we have taken towards democracy and progress.

Robredo on EDSA 31: Democracy is each Filipino's ability to be part of nation-building
Vice President Leni Robredo delivered a heartfelt message on the 31st anniversary of the EDSA People Power Revolution during a forum on Friday, February 24. She urged Filipinos to ponder what has been their contributions to the country after the bloodless revolution that toppled dictator Ferdinand Marcos.

EDSA in the age of social media
For the 30th anniversary of EDSA 1, CMFR interviewed millennials and asked: "What comes to mind when you hear 1986 EDSA People Power?"

Pangilinan recounts EDSA People Power in 1986
Senator Kiko Pangilinan, who was a student activist in 1986, recalls his EDSA People Power Revolution experience

Duterte skips EDSA anniversary rites
A toned-down affair. That's how the Duterte administration held its first commemoration of the 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution

Lagman: Duterte toned down EDSA rites due to his fascination with Marcos
For some who saw the horrors of the Marcos dictatorship, President Duterte's decision to tone down this year's commemoration of the EDSA People Power Revolution only reflects his fascination with the late dictator, Ferdinand Marcos.

Duterte: No single entity can claim EDSA Revolution
President Rodrigo Duterte heralded the spirit of the 1986 EDSA People Power as belonging to the entire Filipino people, and not just to a selected few.

Raissa Robles: Duterte a historical 'cherrypicker'
At the forum on EDSA People Power's relevance, investigative journalist Raissa Robles says President Rodrigo Duterte "cherrypicks from history to pursue his political agenda."

On Cory's 8th death anniversary, Aquino urges Filipinos to protect democracy
by Camille Elemia August 01, 2017
'Maski anong bagay 'pag pinabayaan ay guguho eh... 'Pag 'di natin pinahalagahan itong mga karapatan na ito, baka gumising tayo isang araw wala na,' says former president Benigno Aquino III.
Once a housewife reluctant to enter politics, Cory Aquino became known as an icon of Philippine democracy after the EDSA People Power Revolution that ousted dictator Ferdinand Marcos. Even after retiring from politics, she was still in the public eye, as she continued to speak out on national issues.

Duterte on EDSA anniversary: No group has monopoly of patriotism
by Pia Ranada
Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea delivers the message of President Rodrigo Duterte, who skipped the EDSA commemorative event.

DILG memo: LGUs 'expected' to help mobilize for pro-Duterte rally
The memorandum says local government officials may organize their constituents who are 'willing to participate' in pro-Duterte events supporting President Rodrigo Duterte this weekend, as other groups are set to hold rallies to mark the 31st anniversary of the EDSA People Power Revolution.

Pangilinan: 'Real change' lies in 'people power'
'I believe the war on drugs should be refocused [to] war on poverty to reach a developed nation status,' says Senator Francis Pangilinan

FULL TEXT: Archbishop Villegas' open letter to Cardinal Sin on EDSA
by Archbishop Socrates B. Villegas
'4 days of bloodless revolution! Wow! Now 8 months of relentless killings of the poor in the name of 'change'! It is a nightmare, Your Eminence! It is a shame.'

Cardinal Tagle to parishes: Hold People Power activities
by Paterno Esmaquel II
Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle makes this unprecedented move as the Duterte administration chooses to hold a low-key celebration of People Power this year.

#EDSA30: One memorable meeting on Feb 23

Ordinary Filipinos, who joined the first People Power Revolution at EDSA 33 years ago, recounted their memorable lessons from the historic event that put an end to the Marcos dictatorship.

Robredo hopes for united EDSA anniversary celebration
by Patty Pasion February 22, 2017
Aside from the government-hosted event in Camp Aguinaldo, there will also be protests organized by anti-Marcos groups.

Duterte supporters to hold rallies on EDSA anniversary
with Video
by Pia Ranada February 22, 2017
The rallies are meant to prove that support for President Rodrigo Duterte is 'not waning' despite criticism against his war on drugs and the revival of his links to murders in Davao City.

go to overview

Second EDSA Revolution

EDSA People Power II, as it came to be known, was a series of protests held from January 16 to 20, 2001, against former president Joseph Estrada who was then facing plunder charges. The protests eventually triggered Estrada's downfall – and paved the way for Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, his vice president, to enter the spotlight in the political scene.

Walk down memory lane with Leloy Claudio and Barry Guitierrez on the rise and fall – and rise – of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's presidency from 2001-2010 is one of the most tumultuous periods in Philippine history – a failure of democracy for some, with corruption taking center stage and an administration constantly in survival mode.
The decade made famous the buzzwords "Hello Garci' and "moderate your greed" and gave birth to the Magdalo mutineer

IMPORTANT: WHAT WENT BEFORE: Oakwood Mutiny

Below : Redux? Duterte admin recalls Arroyo policies, controversies

After Palparan conviction, lawyers target Gloria Arroyo
by Lian Buan September 17, 2018 - with Video
‘We are looking at the angle of command responsibility of Palparan’s commander-in-chief Gloria Macapagal Arroyo,’ says private prosecutor Edre Olalia

Redux? Duterte admin recalls Arroyo policies, controversies
by Carmela Fonbuena July 22, 2018

Rodrigo Duterte and Gloria Arroyo have similar tendencies on key policy issues, but experts say Duterte has pushed his powers to the 'brink of authoritarianism'

IMPORTANT too:

Arroyo's the feature, Duterte’s just the trailer
by Vergel O. Santos August 04, 2018
Any residual doubts about Arroyo’s special place in the hierarchy of power in the Duterte regime should be dispelled by her accession to the Speakership

Robredo: Arroyo’s House takeover embarrassing
by Lian Buan July 24, 2018 - with Video
‘Nakakahiya na pinapakita natin sa lahat na iyong pag-wrestle ng power, parang in full public view,’ says Vice President Leni Robredo

#BabaeAko movement: Arroyo as Speaker won't champion women's status
by Sheila Advincula July 24, 2018
At the forefront of #BabaeAko movement's SONA 2018 protest is its call to abolish the 'regressive' TRAIN Act

Sara Duterte says House has 'strong leader' in Arroyo
by Pia Ranada July 24, 2018
The presidential daughter congratulates new Speaker Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo a day after the House coup some say she helped bring about

Supreme Court ’nipped in the bud’ Arroyo’s plunder case – Morales
by Lian Buan July 24, 2018
Arroyo rises to the position of House Speaker, but she is not entirely in the clear because a pending case remains at the Ombudsman

'Nagparamdam si FPJ,' Grace Poe says after Arroyo speakership
by Camille Elemia July 24, 2018
Taking off from her mother Susan Roces' 2005 statement against former president Gloria Arroyo, Senator Poe says: 'Nakadalawa ka na. Ngayon pangatlo na, baka kailangan nang kalusin'

Can Alvarez file a quo warranto petition vs Arroyo?
by Lian Buan July 24, 2018
In 1949, the Supreme Court dismissed a similar petition involving a Senate leadership takeover for lack of jurisdiction over a political question

Battle for House minority looms as Alvarez bloc accepts defeat
July 24, 2018
The group of Representative Pantaleon Alvarez is keen on fielding Representative Rodolfo Fariñas as its minority leader

'Why is he inside?' Tempers flare after Alvarez ouster
by Pia Ranada July 24, 2018
'He is no longer Speaker,' says the camp of new House Speaker Gloria Macapagal Arroyo about Davao del Norte 1st District Representative Pantaleon Alvarez's presence in President Rodrigo Duterte's pre-SONA holding room.

'Prime Minister Arroyo' if Cha-Cha succeeds, opposition warns
by Sofia Tomacruz July 24, 2018
'She has the smarts, she has the experience, and this is something that she’s wanted to have for a long time,' says former lawmaker Barry Gutierrez

Malacañang ready to work with Speaker Arroyo
by Pia Ranada July 24, 2018
The new House Speaker's 'first challenge' is to pass the 2019 national budget on time, says Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque

Arroyo vows to push Duterte agenda in House
by Mara Cepeda July 24, 2018
Speaker Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo says she is 'extremely honored' to get the support of her colleagues at the House of Representatives

Alvarez out, Arroyo in as House Speaker
by Mara Cepeda July 23, 2018 - with Video
Former president and now Pampanga 2nd District Representative Gloria Macapagal Arroyo replaces Pantaleon Alvarez as House Speaker, with reported backing from presidential daughter Sara Duterte-Carpio

Gloria Arroyo's firsts as House Speaker
by Michael Bueza July 24, 2018
UPDATED She's back – and how!

Makabayan slams Arroyo’s ‘naked power grab’ in House
by Mara Cepeda July 23, 2018
Gabriela Representatives Emmi de Jesus and Arlene Brosas said they will not support Arroyo, adding, 'Filipino women do not tolerate corrupt people in power, even if it is a ‘She'

Filipino farmers have taken it upon themselves to fight for their rights but have been met with bullets as protests turn violent

The Video: Independent investigation sa Sagay massacre in the album "Sagay massacre, 9 farmers killed at Negros Occidental hacienda"

AND MUCH MORE

by Marites Dañguilan Vitug and Glenda M. Gloria March 18, 2013 and March 18, 2018 - Rappler first republished this piece in March 2013, and is republishing this again to mark the 50th anniversary of the Jabidah massacre this year.

Still no justice 50 years after Jabidah massacre
March 18, 2018 - with Video
Half a century later, the names of slain young Moros remain carved on concrete walls while justice is still nowhere to be found.

Learn from lessons of Jabidah massacre, Zambo youth tell Duterte
by Jieven Santisteban March 18, 2017
Young Mindanao activists urge President Rodrigo Duterte to stop extrajudicial killings

Jabidah Massacre: 51 years after, still vivid in memory
by Amir Mawalil March 18, 2019
There is no closure for this injustice yet

6 updates on Maguindanao massacre's 6th year
by Jodesz Gavilan November 21, 2015
Rappler lists down what happened during the months leading to the 6th year of the worst case of election-related violence and media killings in the Philippines

Malacañang task force asks CMFR, NUJP, media groups about Maguindanao massacre aid
Pia Ranada April 26, 2019
A media watchdog decries this as a fishing expedition meant to 'demonize independent and non-profit media organizations'

CA: 3 accused in Maguindanao massacre can't be state witnesses
July 29, 2018
The Court of Appeals denies the motion seeking to turn Police Inspector Rex Ariel Diongon, Police Office 1 Rainier Ebus, and Mohammad Sangki into state witnesses

After 8 years, what's next in the Maguindanao massacre trial?
by Sofia Tomacruz November 23, 2017
Almost a decade has passed since the death of 58 in the Maguindanao massacre – will justice be served soon?

What has happened to the Maguindanao massacre trial 8 years later?
by Sofia Tomacruz November 23, 2017 - with Video
8 years and 3 administrations later, no convictions have been made

TIMELINE: The long road to justice for Maguindanao massacre victims
by Sofia Tomacruz November 23, 2017
It's been 8 years since 58 people – including 32 media workers – were killed in Maguindanao. What has happened since?

INFOGRAPHIC: The Maguindanao massacre, 8 years later
November 23, 2017
Here's the status of the Maguindanao massacre trial in numbers

7 years later: What happened to the Maguindanao massacre case?
by Katerina Francisco Updated November 23, 2016
UPDATED Will the worst case of election-related violence in the Philippines reach its resolution under the Duterte administration?

Maguindanao massacre also known as the Ampatuan massacre

the slideshow: Dozens of bodies found in mass grave in Amputuan, Maguindanao province

The Videos in the album "Media Killings - Etc.":

Maguindanao massacre also known as the Ampatuan massacre with e.g.:
What Really Happened During the Maguindanao Massacre?

Journalists start countdown to 10th anniversary of Ampatuan Massacre
Jan 25, 2019
Journalists led by the National Union of Journalists of the Philippines held a candle-lighting ceremony to start the countdown to the 10th anniversary of the Ampatuan Massacre.

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was an incident that occurred during a police operation, codenamed Oplan Exodus, which took place on Sunday, January 25, 2015, at Tukanalipao, Mamasapano, Maguindanao, by Special Action Force (SAF) of the Philippine National Police (PNP) (allegedly joined by United States Army Special Forces) against the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF). The operation was intended to capture or kill wanted Malaysian terrorist and bomb-maker Zulkifli Abdhir and other Malaysian terrorists or high-ranking members of the BIFF.

ALL the Videos about: PNP-SAF Ambush Malupet and the time - cases after

SC has been sitting on Mamasapano transfer request for a year
by Lian Buan January 25, 2018 - with Video
The trial of 88 people charged with murder for the bloody Mamasapano operations has yet to start

Aquino again blames Napeñas for Mamasapano mistakes
by Bea Cupin November 10, 2017
Former president Benigno Aquino III says that at that time, he had no reason to believe that the former SAF chief would lie to him

Sandiganbayan finds probable cause to put Aquino on trial
by Lian Buan November 10, 2017 - with Video
3rd UPDATE About an hour after former President Benigno Aquino III posts bail, the anti-graft court announces it has found probable cause to put him on trial

Ombudsman files charges vs Noynoy Aquino over Mamasapano
by Lian Buan November 08, 2017
The former president is facing charges of graft and usurpation of official functions over the botched Mamasapano operation back in 2015

SAF 44 kin want homicide charges vs Aquino
July 19, 2017 - with Video
Aquino also files his appeal before Morales but it is done discreetly.
Look also HERE

Aquino surprised Duterte defended him over indictment
by Lian Buan July 18, 2017
Former president Benigno Aquino III will file a motion for reconsideration before the Ombudsman on Wednesday, July 19, to 'clarify what transpired' in the Mamasapano operation.

Mamasapano generals: Where are they now?
by Bea Cupin July 16, 2017
Former police generals Alan Purisima and Getulio Napeñas allegedly 'conspired' with former president Benigno Aquino III in the lead-up to the tragic Mamasapano clash.

Duterte declares Jan 25 'Day of National Remembrance' for SAF 44
February 26, 2017 with many good links

Senate draft report: MILF liabilities in Mamasapano 'massacre'
by Carmela Fonbuena March 17, 2015
Senator Grace Poe is not taking the MILF to task for the death of the SAF commandos, only its members who were involved in the bloody clash.

PNoy ultimately responsible for Mamasapano massacre - Senate panel
March 17, 2015 By AMITA O. LEGASPI, GMA News

Duterte to create commission to reinvestigate Mamasapano
January 24, 2017
The President wants to appoint 'men of integrity and honor,' possibly former Supreme Court justices, to head the reinvestigation into the 2015 botched police operation.

SAF 44 families demand justice from Duterte
by Pia Ranada January 25, 2017
During a dinner for the families, Duterte promises to set a 'day of remembrance' for the SAF 44 and orders the PNP to study the possibility of awarding the fallen troopers the Medal of Valor.

Two years after Mamasapano: What happened to the case?
January 25, 2017
Two years have passed since the Mamasapano encounter, but the victims' families are still clamoring for truth on the bloody police operation.

Finger-pointing on Mamasapano
by Edilberto de Jesus, PhD January 28, 2017
If Aquino was ultimately responsible for Mamasapano

should not Duterte accept ultimate accountability for the murder by PNP officers of Jee Ick Joo, and any murder subsequently discovered to have been perpetrated by the police?

and

Ombudsman vs Mamasapano massacre

the Videos in the album "Mamasapano massacre - SAF44" e.g.:

Duterte: US involvement in Mamasapano had Aquino blessing

Duterte, binanatan si Aquino dahil sa Mamasapano encounte

A look back at the Mamasapano carnage

Aquino to face trial for Mamasapano carnage

Poe urges Duterte: Push for swift resolution of Mamasapano cases

Only one royal family holds the title for the whole Philippines, Borneo, Guam, Marianas Island, Hawaii, Da Nang Vietnam, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Kuril Islands, etc.
King Luisong ruled the entire kingdom from Luzon [named after him], the northern part of what is now known as The Republic of the Philippines.

The Videos:
TAMA SI MARCOS! President Duterte on the idea of renaming PH to 'MAHARLIKA'
Feb 11, 2019
President Rodrigo Duterte on Monday said the late strongman Ferdinand Marcos was right in wanting to change the Philippines’ name to Maharlika.

Change the name of Philippines ITS NAME IS MORE THAN MAHARLIKA.. Its OPHIR
by Philip secret place Feb 12, 2019

Annais Nunez wrote February 23, 2019
Hope someone must inform President that accdg to the book of Antonio Pigafetta the Philippines is called Ophir. The book is a great evidence or reference. Please someone must provide the book to president.
IMPORTANT look above The Philippines: The Biblical land of Ophir?

Duterte agrees with Marcos’ idea of renaming ‘Philippines’ to ‘Maharlika’
By Darryl John Esguerra, Orlando Dinoy, Inquirer Mindanao, February 11, 2019

Alejano's unlikely ally: Duterte supports renaming Philippines
by Pia Ranada February 11, 2019
President Rodrigo Duterte already has a name in mind for the country: Maharlika. This was the name supported by the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos.

Duterte’s ‘Maharlika’ proposal is from Ferdinand Marcos’ fictitious guerrilla unit
By Catalina Ricci S. Madarang February 12, 2019

a Filipino term meaning “nobility” or “aristocracy”. Its etymology is rooted from the Sanskrit maharddhika which means “a man of wealth, knowledge, and ability”. During ancient times in the Philippines, the word maharlika referred to the nobility class in Philippine society who are also known to be warriors.

Apolinario de la Cruz (July 22, 1815 – November 4, 1841), known as Hermano Pule, Spanish for "Brother Pule" also spelled Hermano Puli, was a Filipino religious leader who founded and led the Cofradía de San José. The cofradía was established in 1832 in response to the racial discrimination of the Catholic Church in the Philippines. During the Spanish colonial period, Catholic religious orders refused to admit native Filipinos as members. In retaliation, Pule established his own religious order which was exclusive for native Filipinos.

Look also HERE

the Video:

and

Contributions of Spanish Colonization in the Philippines<

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Spanish Philippines: The Colonial Era

Memoria del español filipino

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Cultural History of the Philippines: Hispanic Philippines Than We Admit.

An extended meditation on the encounter between the native and the foreign, More Hispanic Than We Admit is a collection of scholarly essays on Philippine culture and history. It recuperates our Spanish past and inspires a continued and lasting engagement with Hispanic Philippines Studies.

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Spanish Philippines: The Colonial Era

Pictures and photographs of the Philippines: people, places, and art during the 18th to 19th century; during Spanish colonial days.

and

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Latin Philippines

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Mestiza Hispana Filipina - Spanish Colonial Era

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Filipina Mestizas of the Past
by Leona Lyn Oct 30, 2012
Mestiza in the Philippines primarily means a Filipina mixed with Spanish, though it could also mean "mixed with other races".

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El vestido tradicional de la Filipina - Spanish Colonial Era

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They were called The Spanish Ladies-Señoritas.

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El Hombre Filipino - Spanish Colonial Era

El Carnaval de Manila - Spanish Colonial Era

Manila Carnival was an event that aroused the jealousy of all Asia not only for your show, if not for the parade of your exotic queens. Beautiful young women of Luzon, Visayas or Mindanao arrived in Manila for be proclaimed the most pretty woman of the Philippines Islands.

The video shows also many kind of dresses of that time!
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La Casa Filipina and the interior - Spanish Colonial Era

Colonial Houses in the Philippines were the union between Eastern style and Spanish pattern. A home designed in stone in the ground floor in order to fight tropical heat and wood at the top to fight the strong earthquakes that often shook the islands. The furniture inside the house was clearly done by people of mixed race, with garlanded rooms with lamps imported from Spain and beautiful glass cabinets dressed in fine China.
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Manila During Spanish Time
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Old Spanish-speaking Manila, 2videos
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Intramuros - Spanish Colonial Era

Spanish Colonial Age (Golden Age) in the Philippines, Intramural, which is called City of God because of its many convents, churches, schools, houses and streets made with a colonial art which was magnificent at that time. Once it was destroyed in the World War II by the Americans and Japaneses, who were cruel to its population and majestic city. However, nowadays it remains the memories of that which was the Asian Pearl of the Spanish Empire.

Look also HERE
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Intramuros: The historical walled city of Manila

Intramuros is a walled city-fortress originally built by the Spaniards in the 1600's. It is a historical monument, almost completely destroyed in World War II, it has been restored and is a must-see for visitors to the Philippines. Intramuros is rich with history and legend.

Look also HERE